TELANGANA MOVEMENT (1969,1972..till today)

Gentleman’s agreement violated by the then CM Sanjeeva Reddy:
The influx of the people of coastal Andhra created social tensions. Rich landlords of Andhra brought thousands of acres of land in Telangana (TG) as they were cheap and made permanent settlements. Revenue from Telangana was spent for development projects in Andhra Region.Slowly the discontent spread to the Govt. officials and unemployed youth who realized that they were neglected and exploited by the domineering officials of the Andhra Region and enterprising people of the Andhra Region. Andhra officials felt superior and infused inferiority complex among Telangana officials.
Large no. of persons from Andhra region was appointed to the posts in TG on the grounds that qualified personnel were not available in TG. Govt extended concession only to Andhra entrepreneurs. They bought disputed lands in Hyderabad for cheap and settled them with their political influence and gained huge profits.
Telangana- Safeguards Day was observed as early as 10th July 1968.
1969 January: Students from Khammam went on hunger strike due to discontent and it has spread to the other districts. Students were in the vanguard of the movement demanding separation of TG. The non-gazetted officers joined the issue threatening to launch action if the 6000 Andhras occupying TG posts were not repatriated to Andhra Region.
Unfortunately on 20th January police opened fire on students at Hyderabad.
22nd Jan: It has spread to all over TG resulting in heavy damage to public property. CM announced that The Andhra Personnel in TG would be repatriated by 28th FEB 1969.
9th March 1969: TG student’s action committee called upon students to abstain from classes till separate TG was formed.
K.V.Rangareddy, former Deputy CM stated that “Without separate statehood the injustices to TG cannot be rectified and prevented.” In the meanwhile Supreme Court granted injunction on G.O. of AP under which the non-Mulkis employed in TG were to be relieved by 20th Feb 1969. This made the political situation worst.
11th April 1969: PM announced Eight Point Plan but it failed to resolve the issue.
Telanagana Praja Samithi, (TPS) was formed by disgruntled politicians.
1st May 1969: was observed as TG Demand Day has led to violence in some parts. PM has invited TPS leaders but they declined the invitation stating that “The creation of separate TG is not negotiable”. The stalemate continued.
4th June 1969: Situation in Hyderabad became violent. Police opened fire on students. 30 people were brutally killed. 33hr curfew was imposed.
October 1969: TPS leaders and student leaders were arrested .By November there was a split in TPS and movement has been suppressed. CM Bhramananda Reddy refused to bow down by agitations and violence as he has firm support received from PM.
September 1971: Bhramananda Reddy resigned

25th September 1971: P.V. Narasimha rao from TG region became CM and TPS joined Congress.

14th Feb 1972: The high Court of AP gave the judgment that MULKI RULES were not valid on the appeal of Andhra employees.
3rd Oct 1972: Supreme Court said MULKI RULES are valid. Govt should take steps to safeguard the “legitimate interests” of TG people in the matter of employment opportunities.

23rd Dec 1972: Govt passed G.O extending MULKI RULES.
This led to agitation in Andhra Region popularly known as”Jai Andhra Movement”. They called people of Andhra to paralyze the state administration by refusing to pay taxes to the Govt and by defying the prohibitory orders. A popular student leader of this agitation was N.CHANDRA BABU NAIDU.

18th Jan 1973: President Rule was imposed.
16th Feb 1973: AP high court declared that only people from outside the state who came to TG and settled there were MULKIS and not those who were born and brought up in TG. As a result, of this decision TG people lost even the small benefits they got by MULKI RULES.
1st SEP 1973: Central Govt evolved six point formula.
1978 Elections: Congress won and Dr. M. Chenna Reddy became CM. he announced that TG is no longer an issue

TELENGAN STRUGGLE:

4th June 1969: Police firing in Hyderabad has occurred in which 30 people were brutally killed, 33 hrs of curfew imposed, 14 times firing has occurred in which 9 died on the spot. 7 times firing occurred during curfew. Tear gas was used, countless time of lathichrage has occurred.
The TG police has been sent to Andhra Region to combat Naxalites and Malabar Police has been brought who didn’t knew local language and couldn’t understand the protest which led them to behave ruthlessly .
In Hyderabad, Hotel Durga Vilas in ABIDS belonged to Andhra people in which rowdies and bullies were brought from Andhra and stationed. When TPS gave BANDH call on 2nd June, this is the only hotel which was opened. The protesters who went there to ask were attacked with knives, hatchets by bullies.
KILLING OF PREM KISHORE: 18yrs old Kishore, a motor mechanic who slipped inside the hotel was trapped by shutting the doors and brutally attacked by the bullies. People who were outside heard the huge cry from inside were shocked and some tried to get inside by climbing the electric pole. But, by the time they entered he was battling for life. Police did not support in taking him to hospital and was carried in a private vehicle to Osmania hospital but he died on the way.
11 yrs old RENUKA was shot 3 bullets.
Countless such incidents have occurred and many families lost their dear ones.
Newspapers were used to read loudly in the streets and houses where others used to listen the sacrifices of TG people and horrible acts by police, bullies. Parents used to handcuff, lock inside the room their children to prevent them from going out because they feared of losing them. If any one from the street was in jail entire street used to go to jail with sweets too have a MULAKTH with him.
This movement has brought out a fighting sprit in the people of telangana.
4th June 1969: Indira Gandhi came to Hyderabad. TPS demanded Presidential Rule.
7th June 1969: 2.5 lakh laborers went on to strike to protest the Police firing in the last 3 days
June 10th: TG employees went on strike, 29 teacher leaders were suspended.
25th June: 50,000 people went on to do SATYAGRAHA and were arrested in Hyderabad. Army marched through the streets of ABIDS to instill fear in people. Bus services were deliberately cancelled so that the people should not reach the destination (ABIDS). But people reached by walking fearlessly, everyone including students, teachers, employees, women, lawyers, businessmen, doctors were participated in SATYAGRAHA. Unable to stop people marching Police started firing tear gases, lathicharge occurred. Students showed their bare chest to the Police. People standing on the building cried by watching the lathicharge on the protestors. Agitations spread to Mozamjahi Market, Sultan Bazaar.
Agitators reached Brindavan Hotel in ABIDS( who also owns Durga Vilas), shouted “Prem Kishore AMAR HAI”. Bullies who were stationed here went to top of the hotel and thrown soda bottles and stones over the protestors. The agitarors who went inside were attacked by knives, hatchets, chains etc. This massacre continued for 2 hrs. Rather than controlling bullies Police resorted to fighting on the protestors.
Heroics of Srinivsa Reddy and his friends: These people stood as a wall between the police and agitators like a wall and requested both sides to calm down. He showed his bare chest to the Police and out cried “If u wants to fire then shoot me first”. This incident saved so many lives as Police backed down.
That night people were taken to Musheerabad jail. Police inside jail conspired with prisoners and the prisoners attacked the protesters with sticks, chilli powder, utensils which were available in kitchen. But the Police didn’t interfere. 70 people were injured. Due to the huge cry came from inside the jail, residents surrounding the jail came out and protested in front of the jail to let them allow to see their dear ones. There was a great tension and anxiety in their faces. Police once again used tear gas and lathicharge to disturb the people. 16 leaders were arrested that night and shifted to Rajahmundry jail.

26th June: people voluntarily called for a BANDH protesting the arrest of 16 leaders which included Konda Laxman bapuji.
Totally around 400 people were killed in this agitation according to govt records.

MULKI RUKES & 610 G.O

Mulki Rules

In, urdu language, mulk is a nation, and the residents are Mulkis.The fight for jobs for the mulkis had a long chequerred history. In the present context, it is necessary to understand the origin:
The Mulki Rules formed part of the Hyderabad Civil Services Regulations promulgated in obedience to His Exalted Highness the Nizam’s Firman dated 25th Ramzan 1337 Hijri , corresponding to 1919 A.D
The State of Hyderabad was then a native Indian State, which had not acceded to the Dominion of India after the Indian Independence Act, 1947.
Article 39 of Hyderabad Civil Service Rules, as contained in Chapter III of Regulations reads as follows, Appendix N.
“ 39. No person will be appointed in any Superior or Inferior services without specific sanction of His exalted Highness, if he is not a Mulki, in terms of the rules laid down in Appendix “ N”
Clause 6 of Rules:
1) A person shall be called a Mulki if----
a) by birth he is a subject of the Hyderabad State, or
b) by residence in the Hyderabad State, be entitled to be a Mulki, or
c) his father having completed 15 years of Service was in the Government Service at the time of his birth , or
d) she is a wife of a person who is a Mulki.
3) A person shall be called a Mulki who was a permanent resident of the Hyderabad State for at least 15 years and has abandoned the idea of returning to the place of his residence and has obtained an affidavit to that effect on a prescribed form attested by a Magistrate.
7) Presribes the contents of the application to be made for grant of a Mulki Certificate and required the applicant, among other thing
a, b, c, --------------------
d) Where was he he residing, prior to his residing in the Hyderabad State
e) Place of birth and nationality of his father and grand father
f, g, ------
h) From what period the applicant is permanently residing in the Hyderabad State and whether he has abandoned the idea of returning to his native land
I, j, --------------
9) Stipulates conditions for verification of the contents by the Police Department.


Mulki Rules Held Valid By the Supreme Court, October 1972
Brief Note (c ) of the Supreme Court Judgement says that the effect of reorganization of States made under Articles 3 and 4 of making Telangana a part of a new State of Andhra pradesh must be ignored under Article 35(b) and hence the Mulki Rules continue in force, even after constitution of the State of Andhra Pradesh, Under the Reorganisation of States Act, 1956.
----It cannot be denied that the purpose of states reorganization of states is not to take away fundamental rights. ( of Telangana People)

Background To Introduction/Continuation of Mulki Rules
The supreme court extensively quoted from earlier judgment in justification for Mulki Rules
1) Due to political and historical reasons, Hyderabad state remained isolated. There were no adequate educational facilities.
2) There were very few opportunities to enter public service in competition with others from outside the state.
3) Urdu which was not the language of 90% of the people was the official language of Administration.
4) SRC suggested the continuance of the Telangana region as a separate state.
5) An agreement of the elders of both the regions was reached to reserve to them the benefits of securing employment on the strength of their residence.

The formation of a Regional Standing Committee was also agreed upon.
When the State of Andhra Pradesh was formed in 1956, certain safeguards were envisaged for the Telangana area in the matter of development and also in the matter of employment opportunities and educational facilities for the residents of that area
The Public Employment (Requirement as to Residence) Act, 1957, was enacted inter alia to provide for employment opportunities for residents of Telangana area. But in 1969, the Supreme Court held the relevant provision of the Act to be unconstitutional is so far as it related to the safeguards envisaged for the Telangana area.
On the 21st September, 1973, they suggested certain measures (generally known as the Six-Point Formula) indicating a uniform approach for promoting accelerated development of the backward areas of the State so as to secure the balanced development of the State as a whole and for providing equitable opportunities to different areas of the State in this matter of education, employment and career prospects in public services.

SIX POINT FORMULA – Andhra Pradesh Public Employment (Organisation of Local Cadres & Regulation of Direct Recruitment) Order, 1975
mentions that the continuation of Mulki Rules and Telangana regional Committee become unnecessary (no Provision anywhere, in Constitutional amendments that the Telangana Regional Committee is abolished or is withdrawn)

Now that the Mulki Rules were not implemented properly earlier, and Presidential Orders now, those who have violated law who should have been prosecuted criminally, are not only enjoying the fruits but are dictating terms to Telanganites.
Those employees who came to Hyderabad, under the pretext of non existing, VII zone, in utter violation of Presidential Order, claim that we have been staying here in Telangana for the last thirty years, and now how can we go back.
Added to injury, even if vacancies are created and recruitment starts, the children of Andhra’s who came here in violation of Presidential Orders, would again get jobs because they have become locals by virtue of studies.---- Perpetuation of violations and Multiplier effect.
Those children of Andhras, who came here for business, and several other reasons have become locals by virtue of studies and get jobs meant for Telangana Youth.
Central University is no doubt established in Hyderabad city. This is more a national University in nature, rather than augmenting facilities for Telangana students. Neither the faculty, nor the students are selected from Telangana region.


The Six points are:
1. There should be greater financial allocations for the development of Backward Regions, and Capital city of Hyderabad A State Level Planning Board with legislators from Backward regions, together with experts be created and Sub-boards should be created for backward regions-----No concrete measures were taken more so for Telangana Region.
2. In educational institutions in the State, to give preference to local candidates a state level policy should be evolved.. In the capital city of Hyderabad, to augment educational facilities, a Central University should be established.---This has resulted in seven years of study in the regional areas in lieu of 15 years of residence in the Telangana region. University of Hyderabad, has neither helped Telangana students nor academics, as it was a National University.
3. Up to a certain fixed level of recruitment local candidates should be preferred, this policy should be followed even in promotions giving preference to local candidates--- This gave way for Zonal System, four years of study in lieu of Mulki Rules. This aspect will be discussed in a greater detail, separately.
4. In respect of recruitment, seniority, promotions etc to resolve the problems Administrative Tribunals should be created, and the decisions of these Tribunals shall be binding on the Government.---- These Tribunals only prolonged the process of rendering justice, rather than solving the problems. Recent Tribunal Orders on GO 610 are a few examples
5. To give effect to the above issues, to overcome legal hurdles, the President of India should be empowered to make Constitutional amendments--- This gave way for 32nd amendment, creation of 371-D, Presidential Orders, which were systematically violated by successive governments in the state, dominated by political, and administrative dominance of Andhra and Rayalaseema.
6. If the above conditions are fulfilled, the continuation of Mulki Rules and Telangana Regional Committee become unnecessary. While above conditions
1 to 5 were not implemented, the sixth point was the only point that was immediately implanted, because it served the interests of Andhra and Rayala Seema regions.


Even if Go 610 is implemented and the resulting vacancies are filled, they will be filled by the brothers, sisters, children of Andhra Employees who became locals by virtue of studies. It is a Multiplier Effect. Andhra’s first occupied vacancies in violation of Presidential Order, settled here, they brought their kith and kin from Andhra areas , who studied here for four years and thus became locals. This is a serious problem with unimaginative dimension

Constitutional safeguards
Parliament, in effect, gave statutory recognition to this agreement ( Gentlemen’s Agreement ) by making the necessary constitutional amendment in Art.371., providing for the constitution of the Telangana Regional Committee—the Constitution ( Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, inter alia- substituted a new Article 371 for the old, the relevant part, the relevant part of which reads as follows:--
610 G.O.-- Presidential Order contains principles regarding Organisation of Local Cadres allotment of personnel of the various Departments to the various local cadres, method of direct recruitment to the various categories

FIGHT FOR TELANAGANA..? WHY...??

History is behind Telangana."Gentleman's agreement" was not honoured. Leaders of other regions robbed first water,then jobs , natural resources (coal),now land & EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES.

SRC commission didn't recommend merger in 1956.Once Hyderabad exchequer was surplus.They spent our money for their development.we were forcefully merged with false promises which never met. No major development took place after merger.Even before merger Hyderabad already has world class educational institutions , hospitals, under ground drainage etc. we lost our land for irrigation projects but we can't get that water. canals were built hundreds of kms to Andhra region. we were left dry, nagarjunsagar dam was constructed 20km down stream from proposed site which resulted in right canal at lower level which supply to Andhra region & left canal at higher level which supply Telangana, water always flows from high level to low level. as a result entire Nalgonda district was suffering from Fluorosis where millions of people are disabled. these are only some examples.

OUR FIGHT IS FOR OUR SURVIVAL.DEVELOPMENT can't replace SELF-RULE,SELF-RESPECT,INDEPENDENCE.we are not separating away from India. Telangana has the largest area, with 1,14,800 km2, which makes it larger than 17 states in India. so it is not a small state. don't compare it with demand for other small states. we are asking what was already there which was ours and nothing new.

So before talking about Telangana just look at its history, injustice done,& suffering of people of Telangana. we just want the RULERS who are ruling us to QUIT TELANGANA, not the people who settled in Telangana.

We are also Indians & we respect plural society,unity in diversity. it was a Hyderabad state & region is telangana. so now no question of telangana without hyderabad

STORY BEHIND CREATION OF ANDHRA PRADESH

"VISHALANDRA IS AN IDEA BEARING A TAINT OF EXPANSIONIST IMPERIALISM."
------JAWAHARLAL NEHRU,oct2,1953.


HYDERABAD STATE(1724-1956) was the largest princely state in the erstwhile British Indian Empire.
It included sixteen districts, grouped into four divisions.
(1)Aurangabad division included Aurangabad, Beed, Nanded, and Parbhani districts.
(2)Gulbargah (Gulbargah) division included Bidar District, Gulbarga, Osmanabad District, and Raichur District.
(3)Gulshanabad District or Medak division included Atraf-i-Baldah, Mahbubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda (Nalgundah)and Nizamabad districts.
(4)Warangal division included Adilabad, Karimnagar, and Warangal districts.

------Telangana comprises of the Telugu speaking parts of Hyderabad state------

In 1947, at the time of the partition of India and after India's Independence the then Nizam, Osman Ali Khan refused to join Union of India.However in 1948 GOI using military force(popularly known as police action)led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel incorporated Hyderabad state into Indian Union forcefully which lasted 5 days and had support from the people of the Hyderabad State.


ANDHRA state (which included Telugu speaking regions of erstwhile MADRAS presidency)was formed with the sacrifice of Amarajeevi Potti Sreeramulu who fasted until death.The government was forced to create a new state for Telugu speaking people.Thus, Andhra State was created on October 1, 1953 with Kurnool as the capital.It comprised Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema Regions.

In 1956,the process of reorganisation of states on linguistic basis started and States Reorganisation Commission(SRC) was constituted by GOI (consisted Sayyid Fazl Ali , K.M. Panikker, and H.N. Kunzru) to look into the matter of merger of Telangana with Andhra state.

===========SRC REPORT===========

SRC in 1955 submitted SRC Report in which it went against the merger of Telangana with Andhra state.The facts and fears of Telangana people it cited are:

Telangana has considerable hinterland, with ENOUGH WATER AND POWER RESOURCES, RICH IN MINERAL WEALTH and VALUABLE RAW MATERIALS.

However,the educationally backward people of Telangana felt they would be exploited by the more advanced people of the coastal areas. In the Telangana districts leaving Hyderabad, education is woefully backward. The result is that a lower qualification than in Andhra is accepted for public services.So under Vishalandhra they will be unequally placed in relation to the people of Andhra and in this partnership the major partner will derive all the advantages immediately, while Telangana may be converted into a COLONY by the ENTERPRISING coastal Andhra(para378).

The revenue receipts of this area on current account are about Rs. 17 crores. In favorable conditions, the revenue budget may even be balanced or indicate a marginal surplus(para 379).THE TELANGANA CAN BE STABLE AND VIABLE UNIT IF REMAINED AS A SAPERATE STATE.


After taking all factors into consideration we conclude that it will be in the interests of Andhra as well as Telangana, the Telangana area is to constitute into a separate State, which may be known as the Hyderabad State with provision for its unification with Andhra (later so in 1961)only if by a two thirds majority the state assembly of Hyderabad State is in favor of unification with Andhra state[para 386].

[Source: Government of India's "Report of the States Reorganisation Commission, 1955"]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Political institutions were rudimentary in Telangana n political legacy in Andhra state was old n could lobby the centre which agreed for the creation of Andhrapradesh succumbing to pressure from Andhra leaders.However,without taking into consideration the wishes of majority of people of Telangana ,on 1 Nov,1956, the state of Andhra Pradesh was created with promises by Andhra leaders not to exploit telangana for benifit other regions in the form of "GENTLEMEN AGREEMENT" .

It is IMPORTANT to note that Amarajeevi Potti Sriramulu neither fought for Telangana or VISHALANDRA (UNITED ANDHRA) as the question of merger of Telangana doesnt arise before the saperation the Andhra state from Madrass state.He stood only Telugu people who was facing adverse discrimination in all matters in MADRASS STATE.

Only after formation of ANDHRA state in 1953(i.e after sacrifice of Potti Sriramulu )the idea of merger of Telangana with ANDHRA state was intiated....

Soon people of telangana realised the imperialistic nature of Andhra leaders ,all projects for utilization of krishna,godavari waters in telangana (Tungabhadra left canal,Upper Krishna,Godavari valley project,Devanur,Icchampalli)were stopped,gentlemen agreement could be seen only on paper,jobs ,resources diverted,revenue generated from Telangana(60% of total) spent devolpment of other regions, expliotation started in every walk of life..

Telangana movement slowly started and gained momentum ,reached to its peak is 1964........